ECGSIM
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References

ECGSIM (QRS + T wave)

ECGSIM (P wave only)

  • van Dam PM, van Oosterom A. Atrial Excitation Assuming Uniform Propagation. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2003;14(s10):S166-S71.

ECGSIM (QRS only)

  • A. van Oosterom: Interactive simulation of the QRS wave forms. In: Images of the Twenty-first Century. Proc. of the Annual Internat. Conf. of the IEEE Eng. in Med. and Biol. Soc. edt: Y. Kim, F.A. Spelman IEEE Publishing Services, New York, 1989, 183-184.

The forward transfer; matrix A:

  • A. van Oosterom, G.J.M. Huiskamp: The Effect of Torso Inhomogeneities on Body Surface Potentials. J. of Electrocardiol. 1989, 22/1,1-20.
  • van Dam PM, van Oosterom A. Volume conductor effects involved in the genesis of the P wave. Europace 2005;7:S30-S8.

The computed timing of depolarization

  • J.J.M. Cuppen, A. van Oosterom: Model studies with the inversely calculated isochrones of ventricular depolarization. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng 1984, BME-31, 652-659.
  • G.J.M. Huiskamp, A. van Oosterom: The depolarization sequence of the human heart surface computed from measured body surface potentials. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 1988, BME-35, 1047-1058.
  • van Dam P, Oostendorp T, van Oosterom A. Application of the fastest route algorithm in the interactive simulation of the effect of local ischemia on the ECG. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 2009;47(1):11-20.

The computed timing of repolarization

The basic elements of T-wave modeling

ECGSIM in education and research

  • van Huysduynen BH, Swenne CA, Draisma HH, Antoni ML, Van De Vooren H, Van Der Wall EE, et al. Validation of ECG indices of ventricular repolarization heterogeneity: a computer simulation study. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2005;16(10):1097-103.
  • van Huysduynen BH, Swenne CA, Bax JJ, Bleeker GB, Draisma HH, van Erven L, et al. Dispersion of repolarization in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm 2005;2(12):1286-93.
  • Patuwo T, Wagner GS, Ajijola O. Comparison of Teaching Basic Electrocardiographic Concepts with and without ECGSIM: An Interactive Program for Electrocardiography. In: Computers in Cardiology 2007. Durham NC; 2007.
  • Kesek M, Gustavsson O, Wiklund U. Nondipolar content of T wave derived from a myocardial source simulation with increased repolarization inhomogeneity. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2009;14(2):185-92.
  • Galeotti L, Strauss DG, Ubachs JF, Pahlm O, Heiberg E. Development of an automated method for display of ischemic myocardium from simulated electrocardiograms. J Electrocardiol 2009;42(2):204-12.